Texas : Friendship

Texas is a state located in the southern United States. With an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), it is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Texas is home to more than 26 million people, which makes it the second most populous state in the country. It is also the largest state in the contiguous United States, and the largest state by land area. Texas borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and Mexico to the south.

Texas : Friendship

Texas is a diverse state with a wide range of cultures and lifestyles. The “Lone Star State” is known for its friendly people, its delicious food, and its many attractions. Texas is also home to some of the best colleges and universities in the country, including The University of Texas at Austin, Texas A&M University, and Rice University.

However, Texas is also home to a long history of racism. The state has a long history of discrimination against minorities, including African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans. In recent years, the state has come under fire for its treatment of immigrants, particularly those from Central America. texas

In 2015, the Southern Poverty Law Center released a report that found that Texas had the highest number of hate groups in the country. The report found that there were 73 hate groups in Texas, including neo-Confederate groups, white nationalist groups, and anti-Muslim groups.

Texas has also been criticized for its “stand your ground” laws, which allow people to use deadly force if they feel threatened. These laws have been blamed for a number of high-profile shootings, including the 2012 shooting of Trayvon Martin in Florida and the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri.

The state of Texas, like many other parts of the United States, has a complex and painful history of racism that has had a profound impact on the lives of black people. From the days of slavery to the present, Texas has been a site of struggle and resistance against racism, but the legacy of discrimination and inequality still reverberates today.

Texas was one of the states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War, in part to preserve the institution of slavery. After the war, Texas was slow to enact the reforms mandated by the federal government, and the period of Reconstruction was marked by violence and intimidation against black people by white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan. The state’s government was also notorious for its discriminatory “Jim Crow” laws, which enforced segregation in public spaces and limited the rights and opportunities of black Texans.

One of the most egregious examples of racism in Texas occurred in the early 20th century, when white mobs in towns like Eastland and Paris carried out violent “race riots” against black residents. These riots, which were often sparked by false accusations of crimes committed by black people, left many dead or injured and forced thousands of black Texans to flee their homes.

Even after the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Texas continued to be a site of struggle for civil rights. In 1966, the predominantly black neighborhood of Sunnydale in Houston erupted in protest after a police officer shot and killed an unarmed black teenager. The resulting uprising, known as the “Sunnydale Riot,” was met with force by the police and National Guard, and the neighborhood was placed under martial law for several days.

Today, Texas remains a deeply divided state, with significant disparities between black and white residents in areas like education, health care, and employment. Black Texans are more likely to live in poverty, suffer from chronic health conditions, and be incarcerated than their white counterparts. In recent years, the state has also become a battleground in the national debate over police brutality and racial profiling, with high-profile cases like the killing of Sandra Bland in police custody in 2015 and the shooting of Botham Jean in his own apartment by a white off-duty police officer in 2018.

Despite these challenges, black Texans have continued to fight for their rights and dignity. The state has a rich history of black activism and resistance, from the Civil Rights Movement to the Black Lives Matter movement of today. Black Texans have made significant contributions to the state’s culture, politics, and economy, and have played a vital role in shaping the state’s history. However, the legacy of racism in Texas continues to have a profound impact on the lives of black people, and the struggle for equality and justice remains an ongoing one.

SUNDOWN TOWNS IN TEXAS

Sundown town, in U.S. history, is a town that excluded nonwhite people—most frequently African Americans—from remaining in town after sunset.

Here is a current list of sundown towns in Texas. This list has been created by Tougaloo College in Tougaloo, MS. This list is a work in progress. Some cities have been confirmed as sundown towns and some are listed for other or similar reasons.

Alamo

Alba

Archer City

Armstrong County

Aubrey

Benavides

Bevil Oaks

Big Spring

Boerne

Bowie

Briscoe County

Brownsville

Canadian

Canyon

Carson County

Castro County

Childress County

Collingsworth County

Comanche

Comanche County

Copperas Cove

Cotulla

Cumby

Cut and Shoot

Dalhart

Dallam County

De Leon

Deaf Smith

Deaf Smith County

Donley County

Donna

Dumas

Edcouch

Evadale

Everman

Fremont

Glen Rose

Goldthwaite

Grand Saline

Gray County

Hall County

Hamilton

Hamilton County

Hansford County

Hartley County

Hemphill County

Hereford

Hico

Highland Park

Highlands

Hillcrest

Holliday

Hutchinson County

Iowa Park

Irving

Jacinto City

Killeen

Kirvin

Lake Jackson

Lakeview

Lipscomb County

Lumberton

Montague County

Moore County

Moulton

Nederland

Nocona

Oak Knoll

Ochiltree County

Oldham County

Orange

Paradise

Parmer County

Pasadena

Perryton

Perryton

Pharr

Phillips

Pinewood Estates

Port Neches

Porter Heights

Potter County

Randall County

Rio Grande City

River Oaks

Robert Lee

Roberts County

San Diego

San Juan

Santa Fe

Scurry County

Shamrock

Sherman County

Slocum

Spearman

Stinnett

Sunnyvale

Swisher County

Throckmorton

Throckmorton County

Tioga

Vidor

West Orange

Wheeler County

White Deer

White Settlement

Whitesboro

Winnie